Kenya Drought Threatens Two Million With Hunger and Health Issues

Kenya is facing a worsening food security crisis, with over two million people affected by a severe drought. The situation is characterized by rising malnutrition rates, increased disease risks, and disruptions to healthcare access.

The drought is attributed to an unusually dry October to December 2025 rainy season, which saw rainfall levels reach only 30 to 60 percent of the historical average in most areas. This marks the driest period since 1981 in parts of eastern Kenya, and similar conditions are impacting neighboring countries like Somalia, Tanzania, and Uganda.

Drought Conditions Across Kenya

Kenya’s National Drought Management Authority reports that ten counties are currently experiencing drought conditions. Nine counties—Wajir, Garissa, Kilifi, Marsabit, Kitui, Kwale, Kajiado, Isiolo, and Tana River—are designated as being in the “alert” phase. Mandera is classified in the more critical “alarm” phase. Thirteen additional counties within the Arid and Semi-Arid Lands (ASAL) region are exhibiting signs of drought stress, particularly concerning water availability and livestock health. The government has cautioned that 2.5 million citizens could face severe hunger and water shortages if the drought continues.

Health Risk Assessments and Preparedness

The current emergency aligns with known seasonal drought vulnerabilities in Kenya’s ASAL regions, occurring between the short and long rains. The World Health Organization (WHO) has collaborated with the Kenyan Ministry of Health and the National Public Health Institute to assess health risks using the Strategic Tool for Assessing Risks (STAR). In November 2025, WHO delivered emergency supplies, including cholera and pneumonia kits, to high-risk counties, prepared to support over 5,000 people. However, significantly more resources are needed to address the scale of the crisis.

Converging Health Threats

Health experts highlight the convergence of multiple threats. Water scarcity is prompting families to utilize unsafe water sources, increasing the risk of diseases like cholera, typhoid, and diarrheal illnesses. The drought’s impact on livestock, a primary food source for pastoralist communities, poses a significant risk of acute malnutrition, especially for children and pregnant women. Compacted soils resulting from prolonged dryness may lead to flash floods when the expected rains arrive in March to May 2026, further elevating the risk of waterborne diseases.

Call for Urgent Action

WHO is urging national and county governments, humanitarian organizations, and local communities to take immediate action. Priorities include ensuring access to safe water and adequate food for both people and livestock, alongside strengthening integrated health, nutrition, and water services to prevent further deterioration. Coordinated efforts are considered essential as communities await the anticipated long rains.